religion anthropology quizlet religion anthropology quizlet

Although the study of mythology originated with a focus on Greek and Roman societies, comparative study of mythology developed as anthropologists began studying indigenous peoples and as linguists began studying sacred texts of other world religions besides Judaism and Christianity. Because of the diverse subject matter it encompasses, anthropology has become, especially since the middle of the 20th century, a collection of . a primal horde has an alpha male, who is killed by the other males in an act of patricide; in reverence to the deceased alpha male the culture "worships" him, leading to monotheism, structural functionalist who theorized that society produces religion because religion supports social systems; did not believe in individualistic religion or naturalistic origin, symbolic interactionalist who defined religion is a system of symbols, defined religion as a system of actions and interactions based upon culturally shared beliefs in sacred supernatural powers, wrote that people who believe in secularization miss the meaning of science; science cannot prove or disprove the superempirical, studied the structuralism of human minds, focusing on myth; believed all cultures share cognitive patterns (for example, binary oppositions), wrote "On Key Symbols" He asks volunteers from his third-period class to report the number of nightmares they had last week. Intense feeling of social solidarity, equality and togetherness. "religion in action"--> helps control things we otherwise cant explain. Whatever is done to an object is believed to affect a person who once had contact with it. Jane considers herself to be a rather conservative investor. Technology should have a lower priority than religious and cultural values. + felt that women are closer to nature than men b/c of their physiology (child bearing), - Lived on an island off the coast of Papua New Guinea -> studied the Vanatinai society New York: Routledge. Ultimately, however, rituals serve as vehicles to create or enhance the proximity of the rituals beneficiaries to the realm of the divine, to influence the divine or supernatural, or to facilitate the attainment of power associated with the spirit being who is propitiated. Since the early 1900s anthropologists have been conducting field research to retrieve, record, classify, and interpret religious beliefs and practices. -"Rebounding Violence" Males are often expected to take more responsibility for the support and protection of their families. In the anthropology of religion, the primary use of anthropomorphism is to embody the supernatural in human form. Make the calculations necessary to set up the analysis of variance table. The more westernized and liberalized a religion, the more its rituals tend to take on a representational value and function. In the process, not only is the place or thing blessed, but the objects used in the ritual may then be seen as similarly sanctified. Instead, it suggests that a myth's emphasis on setting up and then resolving conflicts reflects the binary structure of the mind and of human thought. Seen in hunter gathers and Australian totemites. Thus crossing oneself in a Catholic Mass would be a ritualized behavior but shaking hands would not. How do we deal with issuance costs and security mispricing costs in our assessment of a project's value? ), a concept constructed by the human mind that includes a particular set of human beliefs and practices, centered on the questions of when and how religion began, the concept of a simpler, more basic, and more ancient supernatural force, the view of religion as a human construction, more specifically as a construction of those in power, asking questions such as "What does religion do?" Communitas intense feeling of social solidarity. Following the work of Bruce Lincoln, list three ways in which female rites of passage typically differ from those of males. Use examples. Rite of passage is a celebration of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. 2. the study of human biology and evolution. \hline \text { Between Groups } & 1034.51 & 2 & 517.26 & 19.86 & 4.49 \mathrm{E}-07 \\ Many of the various types of rituals that can be found in cultures and traditions throughout the world share common themes, patterns, and purpose. Describes antimodernist movements in various religions. Thus, vows and rituals go hand in hand. On occasion or for special reasons, individuals may also add vows to their rituals. A ceremonial cross of the John Frum cargo cult, Tanna island, New Hebrides (now Vanuatu ), 1967. Mediate between people and supernatural beings and forces. 4. Liminality is anti- structural. ), Rites of passage are particular life-transition rituals that involve phases of separation from society and the expected behavior of the social role that one is leaving behind, a liminal or "in-between" time where initiation into the new phase of life occurs, and a time of reintegration into society when the new role is celebrated. of Questions= 9 INSTRUCTIONS: To answer a question, click the button in front of your choice. Customs developed to fulfill basic human needs (food, sex, shelter, etc.) Anthropology of Religion: Magic and Religion Magic and Religion Most cultures of the world have religious beliefs that supernatural powers can be compelled, or at least influenced, to act in certain ways for good or evil purposes by using ritual formulas. This depends a lot on the environment. European intellects, rise of fundamentalism, science. - British anthropologist, she worked with the people of Mafia Island in Tanzania 4. The ritual marks the passage from child to adult male, each subgroup having its customs and expectations. Your chapter provides several reasons that animals are important as symbols, how do Functionalists see them? The information systems department wishes to provide technical support personnel in a ratio of 1 for every 50 users. Linked to capitalism- more ascetic, entrepreneurial and future oriented. Secular rituals are, for the most part, representational in that they are not believed to cause any fundamental alteration of the participants. Which of the following is not an example of the "practical" uses to which religion is sometimes put? They can be seen in many forms of animal life, from ants to humans. \begin{array}{lrlr} Religion and social life are inseparable, there is no clear division between the 'sacred' and 'profane', List three characteristics of World religions, 1. \hspace{10pt}\text{Variable cost of goods sold}&&\underline{\hspace{10pt}5,880,000}\\ Typically, the rituals believed to be the most powerful are mediated ones, performed by qualified and authorized officiants. These can also include generalized goals like ideas of freedom and social cohesion. Thus, puberty rites confer more specified identities, roles, and responsibilities. The actual creation can take up to a week. All the answers are correct (as tricksters, totems, were-animals, guardian animals). Change in social status. List three "cautionary notes" given by Audrey Richards with respect of ethnographic descriptions of rituals. In many cultures, they now may be ready for marriage, and they can no longer freely mix with nonrelated females. The key difference between the two social sciences is that sociology concentrates on society while anthropology focuses on culture. Success depends upon: belief in a common mythic world, faith in healer, choice of appropriate transaction symbols, and skill of the healer, Spirit medium, whom Dr. Fritz communicates through; 4th grade education, List three reasons Spiritism took hold and flourished in Brazil, 1. The accounting records of Steven Corporation reveal the following: She thought that each culture had their own sex plan. 1. The body is a complex system, and the functions of its various parts can be a source for symbols for other complex processes in society. Proposed religion evolved from animism-polytheism-monotheism. They are based variously on ideas human social structures, emotions, or cognition. Religion has been found in all societies studied by anthropologists. Most concentrate on one of these, but some combine them. 3.Men, or certain groups of men construct the language and models of a society-> communication is therefore limited for women/. + Separation -> Transition -> Reintegration. T/F: According to your text, all religious traditions explicitly distinguish between natural and supernatural planes of existence. broward health medical center human resources phone number. T/F: Ritual may have both positive and negative dimensions. In a personal ritual, the beneficiary is generally the person who performs it. Custom that brings standouts back in line with community norms. Western societies are motivated by lower order values that are not considered sacred. As such, they are to be performed with an attitude of contrition and humility. Anthropological theories of religion are diverse. Satere Mawe right of passage. A kind of religion. ", theorized a linear evolution of religion, from animism to polytheism to monotheism, wrote "The Golden Bough" an approach to anthropology studying human societies as systematic sums of their parts, as integrated wholes. Terms in this set (210) anthropology. - rituals may be a part of daily life instead of just the outside life Inquiring into the relationship between the divine, sacred, and the social order, and attendant beliefs, movements, and institutions are some of the oldest questions in Anthropology and continue to be some of the most relevant to the modern world. General term encompassing curers (witch doctors), mediums, spiritualists, astrologers, palm readers, and other diviners. It is highly visible and, in the words of Raymond T. Firth (1995:214), represents "a massive output of human enterprise." Religious beliefs and are an enduring tribute to humankind's nearly infinite resourcefulness and adaptability in coping with the problems of daily life. 5. \text{Fixed costs:}\\ Cargo cult. Describe two things wrong with the design of this study. Based on written scriptures The ritual is typically performed to bring healing to the earth. Can reside in people, animals, plants and objects. Lack the hierarchical structure of earlier monotheistic religions. Moreover, it is believed in many cultural traditions that if one undertakes vows in conjunction with rituals, the latter will be more effective. The creation and performance of these are seen as ritual enactments. Term. A prominent french social theorist. + work focused on connections between religion and social structure (animism). The latter are meant to draw the community into joint participation and expression of acceptance of the beliefs and values being expressed by the ritual. What is the relationship between sociology and anthropology? \text{Sales revenue } & 215,000 & \text{$\quad$other than cash} & 24,000\\ - Functionalism based on the society. A company uses four hours of direct labor to produce a product unit. T/F: Many anthropologists have argued that there is a relationship between the emergence of monotheism and the increasing social and political complexity of certain pre-historic societies. - The authority of the fieldworker to ask questions and edit the answers is part of the process of anthropological production. & & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\ 1 What do anthropologists emphasize in definitions of art? Religion is a pattern of beliefs values and actions that are acquired by members of a group. & 1 & 10 & 9 & 8 \\ (hunting vs. working the crops.) We examine both the macro structure of the way politics emerge from religious conflict, why the distinction between religion and politics holds such force, and the microstructure of the way gods and spirits come to feel real to people. In any of the possible two-stock portfolios, the weight of each stock in the portfolio will be 50%. A symbol or emblem of a social unit. Placed a premium on hard work and profit. . Sacred emblems symbolizing common identity. He contends that the role of placebos in all forms of healing has been greatly underestimated. Bodies and possessions of Melanesian chiefs were _____. (realigns your spiritual balance) ALL OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE IS MEDIATED BY OUR PERCEPTION (biological, psychological and spiritual), -1950's militaristic boarding school List three factors in James Dow's Universal Aspects of Symbolic Healing. Belief that multiple deities control aspects of nature. It is then worn for 10 minutes-the boy cannot feel his arm because of the venom and may shake uncontrollably for days after. Religions/Anthropology Flashcards | Quizlet Religions/Anthropology Term 1 / 86 What is the primary ethical duty of Khalsa Sikhs? -> take a passe everyday three days before treatment Washington, DC: University Press of America. According to your text, arguments for the presence of religious practice in pre-historic societies has included all but which of the following? Magicians use this to produce a desired effect by imitating it. Anthropology of religion is the study of religion in relation to other social institutions and the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures. If an action is risky, and the outcome uncertain (but important to the group or individual) then there will be greater use of ritual associated with it. They mediate and signify changes in individuals lives, conferring on them identity and status in their communities, taking them from one state of physical and social being to a greater one. Rituals of ablution, prayer, meditation, offerings at a home altar, and so on are typically undertaken by lay persons as a part of the daily enactment of their religious beliefs. Through their focus on practice and learning they bring the anthropology of religion into conversation with questions of ethics and moral philosophy. archaeology. Publicly communicate values, morals and thoughts of a given group. At the same time, these rituals validate the traditions, values, and hierarchy of the culture. "Cult of Saints", List three ways in which patients are 'prepared' for the treatment by Dr. Fritz, 1. Religion belief and ritual concern with supernatural beings, powers and forces. Significant here is his identification of three stages that can be seen in most such rites: the pre-ritual state, the liminal or transitional state, and the postritual state. The Hindu doctrine. Some of the sand is given to spectators, who see it as sacred and may keep it on their home altars, while the remaining sand is poured into a flowing body of water. Evaluate the operating cash flow of Steven Corporation. Most religious traditions have individuals who are specifically trained and officially authorized to perform such rituals. the study of humanity. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 86 The quest for justice Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by lizard2025 Terms in this set (86) What is the primary ethical duty of Khalsa Sikhs? Very individualistic early on. Attendance to doctoral meetings (spiritual interpretation of Christian bible. These typically include physical cleansing of participants, ritual items, and ritual sites. The more common elements and themes are discussed below. The body of a particular child who is 4 feet tall and weighs $50 \mathrm{lb}$ has surface area $1,365 \mathrm{in}^2$. Assume an ambiguous sex or gender role. &\begin{array}{rrrrr} If a stock investment with insignificant influence costs $10,000 and is sold for$12,000, how should the difference between these two amounts be recorded? 2. mile Durkheim (b. 4. A few look beyond human nature to that of other animals, for analogues or precursors to religion. - Scientific model of the planet as a single 'organic' system, seen as analogous to a human body rather than as a series of atomized, unrelated elements, dim lit room -> soft music ->sit in chair with senior mediums in the room -> bow an close eyes-> mediums reach out but do not touch you, and move their hands over you-> realigns your spiritual balance, Describe Roy Rappaport's concepts of higher and lower order cosmologies. - First method and still the standard "rule of thumb", - Refers to circular relationships between cause and effect. - Totem-ism: any situation in which a special relationship was thought to exist between a social group and one or more classes of material objects, specifically animals, plants, and other natural phenomena + sexually egalitarian, Thought of ritual as a performance planned or improvised that effects the transformation life to an alternative context within which the everyday is transformed Also has priesthood and notions of divine power, views the supernatural differently- are manifestations of, or are under the control of a single eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being. When the individual who performs a ritual is a commoner or lay person, the ritual is generally a personal one. & \mathbf{5} & 8 & 7 & 8 In what century did this expansion of the materials included in studies of mythology occur? The ritual is preceded by purification rites over the site and the objects used in creating the mandala. "state-dependent memory, learning and behavior. 3. Address how such orientations are normally determined. A blessing of food actually alters the spiritual essence of the food. ; 3 Religion: Crash Course Sociology #39; 4 What was the ceremony of purification and why was it needed? Anthropologies of 'World' Religions Although most anthropologists feel uneasy with the idea that so-called world religions such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism can be regarded as autonomous systems, there has been a move in recent decades for researchers to identify themselves as ethnographers of a particular religion. The "structural" study of myth is different than other approaches because it does not take cultural context into account when deciding what myth "means." Most people who do personal rituals do so as part of a regular adherence to religious beliefs. Example: Hurt or kill, they imitate that effect on the image of the victim. Religion Anthropology Flashcards | Quizlet Religion Anthropology Term 1 / 18 religion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 18 cultural knowledge of supernatural (hidden reality) that people use to cope w/ultimate probs of human existence - associated w/ gods, ghosts, spirits, magic - beyond "normal" experience - provides unifying values - the Kogi consider themselves the elder brother who regard the mother earth as sacred -> it is their duty to convince younger brother to stop killing the Earth Most of these protagonists (at least in the most commonly studied myths) are. These take the form of promises to fulfill certain duties or abstain from certain acts for a specified period of time. You have been asked to provide an approximation of the real interest rate considering following situation: the real risk-free rate of interest is 4.8% and the expected rate of inflation is constant at 3.1%. 5. Once completed, it is followed by more rituals, and they conclude by sweeping up all the colored sand into an urn. The presence of stone mounds or "carins" associated with Neanderthals, Cognitive/intellectual theories for the emergence of religion, Ways of explaining phenomena like floods or eclipses in absence of scientific understandings of earth's processes, Social theories for the emergence of religion. When natives have contact with industrial societies but lack wealth, tech and living standards. $$ Anthropology of religion is the study of religion in relation to other social institutionsand the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures. While monogamy traditionally referred to the union of one man and one woman, there are some countries that recognize same-sex unions. Dung is a basic cooking fuel. Curing is often accomplished by restructuring a disorder in a mythic world Using supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims. According to your chapter, the most likely period in which religion came to be important for prehistoric peoples was the, According to your chapter, the general term for how magic and religion help foster social solidarity while also helping people cope with anxiety about natural phenomena over which they have no control is, Naskapi hunting divination is an example of, The anthropologist most associated with cultural materialist explanations of seemingly mal-adaptive ecological practices is, Which of the following is the best ecological explanation of "pig love" and "pig hate", Pigs are unsuited to the very dry climate of the Middle East, T/F: According to your text, religious beliefs and practices always promote sound environmental practices, The leading theorist associated with the concept that religious symbols transcend cultural and historical concepts was.